ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the influence of electroacupuncture (EA) on ghrelin and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (PI3K/Akt/eNOS) signaling pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).@*METHODS@#Eight Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as the healthy blood pressure (BP) control (normal group), and 32 SHRs were randomized into model group, EA group, EA plus ghrelin group (EA + G group), and EA plus PF04628935 group (a potent ghrelin receptor blocker; EA + P group) using a random number table. Rats in the normal group and model group did not receive treatment, but were immobilized for 20 min per day, 5 times a week, for 4 continuous weeks. SHRs in the EA group, EA + G group and EA + P group were immobilized and given EA treatment in 20 min sessions, 5 times per week, for 4 weeks. Additionally, 1 h before EA, SHRs in the EA + G group and EA + P group were intraperitoneally injected with ghrelin or PF04628935, respectively, for 4 weeks. The tail-cuff method was used to measure BP. After the 4-week intervention, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and pathological morphology of the abdominal aorta was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of ghrelin, nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in the serum. Isolated thoracic aortic ring experiment was performed to evaluate vasorelaxation. Western blot was used to measure the expression of PI3K, Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and eNOS proteins in the abdominal aorta. Further, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to measure the relative levels of mRNA expression for PI3K, Akt and eNOS in the abdominal aorta.@*RESULTS@#EA significantly reduced the systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) (P < 0.05). HE staining showed that EA improved the morphology of the vascular endothelium to some extent. Results of ELISA indicated that higher concentrations of ghrelin and NO, and lower concentrations of ET-1 and TXA2 were presented in the EA group (P < 0.05). The isolated thoracic aortic ring experiment demonstrated that the vasodilation capacity of the thoracic aorta increased in the EA group. Results of Western blot and qRT-PCR showed that EA increased the abundance of PI3K, p-Akt/Akt and eNOS proteins, as well as expression levels of PI3K, Akt and eNOS mRNAs (P < 0.05). In the EA + G group, SBP and DBP decreased (P < 0.05), ghrelin concentrations increased (P < 0.05), and the concentrations of ET-1 and TXA2 decreased (P < 0.05), relative to the EA group. In addition, the levels of PI3K and eNOS proteins, the p-Akt/Akt ratio, and the expression of PI3K, Akt and eNOS mRNAs increased significantly in the EA + G group (P < 0.05), while PF04628935 reversed these effects.@*CONCLUSION@#EA effectively reduced BP and protected the vascular endothelium, and these effects may be linked to promoting the release of ghrelin and activation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Electroacupuncture , Ghrelin/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/pharmacology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/pharmacology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/pharmacology , Rats, Inbred SHR , Rats, Inbred WKY , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether the antihypertensive mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) is associated with attenuating phenotype transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.@*METHODS@#Eight Wistar-ktoyo (WKY) rats were set as normal blood pressure group (normal group). A total of 32 spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly divided into 4 groups using random number tables: a model group, an EA group, an EA+PI3K antagonist group (EA+P group), and an EA+p38 MAPK agonist+extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) agonist group (EA+M group) (n=8/group). SHRs in EA group, EA+P group and EA+M group received EA treatment 5 sessions per week for continuous 4 weeks, while rats in the normal and model groups were bundled in same condition. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of each rat was measured at 0 week and the 4th week. After 4-week intervention, thoracic aorta was collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry [the contractile markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and calponin and the synthetic marker osteopontin (OPN)] and Western blot [α-SMA, calponin, OPN, PI3K, phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt), Akt, p-p42/44 ERK, total p42/44 ERK, p-p38 MAPK and total p38 MAPK].@*RESULTS@#EA significantly reduced SBP, DBP and MAP (P<0.01). HE staining showed that the wall thickness of thoracic aorta in EA group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). From results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot, EA increased the expression of α-SMA and calponin, and decreased the expression of OPN (P<0.01). In addition, the expression of PI3K and p-Akt increased (P<0.01), while the expression of p-p42/44 ERK and p-p38 MAPK decreased in EA group (P<0.01). However, these effects were reversed by PI3K antagonist, p38 MAPK agonist and ERK agonist.@*CONCLUSIONS@#EA was an effective treatment for BP management. The antihypertensive effect of EA may be related with inhibition of phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, in which the activation of PI3K/Akt and the repression of MAPK pathway were involved.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Electroacupuncture , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular , Phenotype , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Rats, Inbred SHRABSTRACT
Results and Conclusion:The mean of articles published was 70.5 a year. Germany, USA, UK were the top countries of cooperative documents; Tübingen University, Keio University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University were the top institutions. The most cooperative articles were involved the team of Gharabaghi A. Motor imagery-brain computer interface, network, motor function, especially walking function, may be the focuses in the future. Objective:To summarize the research structure of motor imagery applied in stroke and identify the hotspots and development. Methods:Literatures about motor imagery applied in stroke collected in Web of Science core database between 2010 to 2020 were obtained, and analyzed with CiteSpace software to draw the relevant knowledge mapping of related countries, institutions, authors, and keywords, etc.
ABSTRACT
There were some disadvantages such as low efficiency and strong subjectivity for scale-based assessment for motor dysfunction after stroke. Recently, automatic assessment approaches based on sensor technology and machine learning were developed, which can be used for motor function assessment of stroke patients in terms of motion control, balance, gait and range of motion, etc.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the current status and hotspots of mirror therapy in recent 20 years. Methods:The literatures about mirror therapy in science citation index expanded (SCI-E) of Web of Science (WOS) from 1998 to 2019 were researched. CiteSpace was used to map the cooperative network of authors, countries and research institutions of relevant literatures; the keywords were taken as nodes for co-occurrence analysis and conduct clustering analysis, time evolution analysis and Burst analysis; the cited literatures and cited journals were taken as nodes to draw co-cited maps. In addition, the cited literatures were dealt with Burst analysis. Results:Totally, 435 articles were included. The high yield authors were Mosaley G L and Tsao J W. The high yield countries were the United States, Germany and England. The high yield institutions were Heidelberg University and University of South Australia. Prediction of phantom limb pain, complex regional pain syndrome, the improvement of motor function especially upper limb function, and augmented reality after stroke will be the focus of mirror therapy in the future. Conclusion:The research of mirror therapy is still in its infancy, with rapid development but insufficient influence.
ABSTRACT
In order to explore the mechanism and physiological and pathological changes of spasm, it is often necessary to establish corresponding experimental animal spasm models. The quantitative evaluation of rodent spasm model can not only evaluate the success of modeling, but also can be one of the main quantitative indicators of the effect of intervention. This paper summarized the commonly used methods of rodent spasm evaluation.
ABSTRACT
Results and Conclusion A total of 4820 articles were included. Daskalakis Z J was the author who published the most researches, while it was University of Toronto, United States in term of institutes and nations. The disciplines mostly involved in neuroscience and neurology. The basic researches mostly involved in the transcranial magnetic stimulation and brain motor cortex. The clinical researches mostly involved in stroke and depression. Objective:To analyze the research status and hotspots of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the past five years. Methods:The literatures about transcranial magnetic stimulation in SCI-E of Web of Science from 2014 to 2018 were researched, and the data were analysed with CiteSpace in term of researchers, nations, institutions, disciplines and keywords.
ABSTRACT
Hypermyotonia is commom after stroke and difficult to treat, which limits the functional activities of the patients. Acu-puncture is effective on hypermyotonia after stroke, and more and more approaches have been developed. This paper summarized the acupuncture from the profile of sites for hypermyotonia after stroke.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of isokinetic training of knee flexors and extensors on walking ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA). Methods From December,2016 to June,2017,120 patients with KOA in our hospital were randomly divided into blank group(n=40),control group(n=40)and observation group(n=40).All the groups were injected with sodium hyal-uronate intraluminally,and received joint mobilization.The control group added conventional strength training, including isotonic and isometric static squat exercise of muscles around the knee. The observation group re-ceived knee isokinetic training additionally,the training mode was ordinary isokinetic/centripetal mode.Before and four weeks after treatment, the peak torque (PT), the Lysholm score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain,ten-meter walking time and six-minute walking distance were tested. Results After treatment,the PT value of knee flexors and extensors,the scores of VAS and Lysholm,ten-meter walking time and six-minute walking distance significantly improved in all groups(P<0.05),among which the observa-tion group was the best(P<0.05). Conclusion Isokinetic muscle strength training of knee flexors and extensors can improve the walking ability of patients with KOA.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of comprehensive therapy (CT) with electroacupuncture (EA) in combination with psycho-intervention (PI) on the cognitive function and event-related potentials (ERP), P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN), in patients with internet addiction (IA) for a preliminary exploration of the possible mechanism of the therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty patients with IA were randomly divided into three groups, and a total of 112 subjects reached the final analysis of the trial, the EA group (39 patients), the PI group (36 patients) and the CT group (37 patients). EA was applied at acupoints Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Taichong (LR3) and Sanyinjiao (SP6), once every other day; PI with the cognitionbehavior mode was implemented every 4 days; both EA and PI were used in the CT group. The treatment course for all patients was 40 days. Changes before and after treatment in terms of scoring by the IA self-rating scale, short-term memory capacity, short-term memory span, and the latency and amplitude of P300 and MMN in patients were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, in all groups, the IA score was lowered significantly (P <0.05) and scores of short-term memory capacity and short-term memory span increased significantly (P <0.05), while the decreased IA score in the CT group was more significant than that in the other two groups (P <0.05). ERP measurements showed that P300 latency was depressed and its amplitude raised in the EA group; MMN amplitude increased in the CT group (all P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The EA in combination with PI could improve the cognitive function of IA patients, and its mechanism might be related to the speedup of cerebral discrimination on external stimulus and the enhancement of effective resource mobilization during information processing of the brain.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Behavior, Addictive , Psychology , Therapeutics , Cognition , Physiology , Combined Modality Therapy , Electroacupuncture , Methods , Event-Related Potentials, P300 , Physiology , Internet , Latency Period, Psychological , Memory, Short-Term , Physiology , Patient DropoutsABSTRACT
Compatibility of acupoints is an important component of acupuncture prescription, and it is the key point to achieve the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. Antagonism and synergism are held as two possible results of acupoints compatibility. Recent literatures are summarized and analyzed in this article. And clinical trials and laboratorial studies indicate that antagonism is a result of acupoints compatibility. However, since the relative studies are not enough, extensive attentions are not aroused among researchers. Therefore, in the future studies, based on specificity of acupoints, interdisciplinary research methods should be adopted to explore the effect of antagonism of acupoint compatibility on enhancing the clinical therapeutic effect and expound the mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion. It is considered to be a significant topic which is worth to be deeply studied.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with psychological interference on abstinence symptom such as network craving and anxiety in internet addiction disorder (IAD) and explore its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty cases of IAD were randomly divided into EA group, psychotherapy group and EA plus psychotherapy group (combined therapy group). In EA group, Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Hegu (LI 4), Neiguan (PC 6), Taichong (LR 3) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected in EA, once every 2 days, for 20 sessions totally. In psychotherapy group, the cognition and behavior therapy was applied, once every 4 days, for 10 sessions totally. In combined therapy group, EA combined with psychological interference was administered. The changes in IAD self-scale table, network craving scale, ZUNG self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and S spectrum of encephalofluctuogram (ET) were observed before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the results of IAD self-scale table, network craving scale and ZUNG SAS in combined therapy group were reduced significantly as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.01) and the score of IAD self-scale table was lower significantly as compared with EA group and psychotherapy group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and the score of network craving scale was lower than that in psychotherapy group (P < 0.01). S11 spectrum in combined therapy group decreased significantly as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05) and was lower significantly as compared with psychotherapy group and EA group (both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture combined with psychological interference can reduce network craving and anxiety of IAD patients and its mechanism is probably related with the decrease of dopamine content in central system.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Acupuncture Points , Behavior, Addictive , Psychology , Therapeutics , Brain , Electroacupuncture , Electroencephalography , InternetABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe, adopting randomized controlled method, the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with psychologic interference in patients with internet addiction disorder (IAD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-seven patients with IAD were assigned to two groups treated respectively with psychotherapy alone (A, 23 cases) and EA plus psychotherapy (B, 24 cases). The psychotherapy was conducted by cognition and behavior method, once every 4 days, for 10 times totally. EA was applied at acupoints Baihui, Sishencong, Hegu, Taichong, Neiguan, Sanyinjiao, etc. once every other day, for 20 times. Changes of scoring by IAD self-rating scale (ISS), anxiety self-rating scale (SAS), self-rating depressive scale (SDS), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and self-rating sub-health scale (SRSHS) before and after treatment were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 91.3% (21/23) in Group B, better than that (59.1%, 13/22) in Group A. By the end of this study, all scores in Group B, except HAMD, were significantly lower than those in Group A respectively, i.e., for IAD, 33.20 +/- 4.53 vs. 44.00 +/- 5.81; for SAS, 30.90 +/- 6.30 vs. 39.60 +/- 5.80; for SDS, 35.38 +/- 4.59 vs. 39.60 +/- 6.33; for HAMA, 7.50 +/- 2.54 vs. 12.70 +/- 3.68; for SRSHS, 39.60 +/- 5.66 vs. 48.40 +/- 6.91, showing statistical significances (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using psychologic interference alone or combined with EA can significantly reduce the ISS score and significantly reduce anxiety and improve self-conscious health status in patients with IAD, but the effect obtained by the combined therapy is better.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Behavior, Addictive , Therapeutics , Electroacupuncture , Internet , Psychotherapy , SyndromeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on internet addiction disorder (lAD) and to preliminarily probe the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-seven cases of TAD were randomly divided into a psychotherapy group and an EA plus psychotherapy group. The psychotherapy group were treated with cognition and behavior therapy, once every 4 days, 10 sessions constituting one course; the EA plus psychotherapy group were treated with EA at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3), Neiguan (PC 6), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc. once every other day, for 20 sessions, in combination with the same psychotherapy as that in the psychotherapy group. Changes of score of lAD, score of anxiety self-rating scale (SAS), score of Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and serum norepinephrine (NE) content before and after treatment were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 91.3% in the EA plus psychotherapy group and 59.1% in the psychotherapy group, the former being better than the latter (P<0.05). The scores for IAD, SAS, HAMA, and the se-rum NE content after treatment were significantly decreased in the two groups (both P<0.01). Those in the EA plus psychotherapy group were significantly lower than those in the psychotherapy group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture combined with psychologic interference can significantly improve anxiety state and the mechanism is possibly related with the decrease of NE in the body.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anxiety , Therapeutics , Behavior, Addictive , Psychology , Therapeutics , Electroacupuncture , Internet , Norepinephrine , Blood , PsychotherapyABSTRACT
@#The heighten of the muscles tension is a familiar complication along with epigyny motoneuron's trauma. It's main manifestation is body spasm which badly affects the patients' daily life ability and the rehabilitation treatment. The measures of anti-convulsion are varied which include medicine, acupuncture, operation, electricity stimulates, and etc. But the problems such as the curative effect, the fee and the specialized technology limit application of those measures in clinic. Under the guidance of the modern rehabilitation theory, according to the scientific research design elements and method of the modern medicine research, combining the therapeutics of the traditional Chinese medicine and some modern rehabilitation technology, developing a sort of safe and effective integrative therapy method, which is a domain urgently needs to be exploited.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XZD) on patients with sudden deafness (SD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with SD were treated with XZD, and the changes of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) parameters in them were detected before and after treatment and analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>I, III and V waveform and peak latency (PL) of BAEP, velocity of vertebral basilar arterial blood flow and parameters of cerebral blood flow in SD patients were all improved to different levels after treatment with XZD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TCM formula for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis can improve BAEP and TCD parameters in SD patients; BAEP detection and TCD parameters can reflect nerve function and blood-supply state of internal ear and brain stem, and therefore are of great importance in guiding the clinical treatment and assessing the prognosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Hearing Loss, Sudden , Diagnostic Imaging , Drug Therapy , Phytotherapy , Ultrasonography, Doppler, TranscranialABSTRACT
Manipulation method and clinical application of Prof. HUANG Di-jun's moxibustion with seed-sized moxa cone are introduced from preparation of argyi wool, manipulation, matters needing attention, indications, and clinical characteristics of moxibustion with seed-sized moxa cone, etc. So as to popularize moxibustion with seed-sized moxa cone.